Supplements
Evidence-based supplement profiles with gene interactions, mechanisms of action, safety information, and graded research references.
amino acids and metabolites
5-HTP
5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is the direct biological building block for serotonin, the primary ch...
View profile arrow_forwardresearch chemicals
AK-7
AK-7 is a specialized research chemical designed to cross the blood-brain barrier and block SIRT2...
View profile arrow_forwardcognitive and brain
Alpha-GPC
Acetylcholine is the brain's primary neurotransmitter for learning, memory, and sustained focus,...
View profile arrow_forwardmetabolites and cofactors
Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG)
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) fuels the mitochondria and acts as a central switch for how genes are e...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural antioxidants
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) acts as a universal antioxidant and a critical regulator of mitochondrial...
View profile arrow_forwardpharmacological chaperones
Ambroxol
Ambroxol is a widely used respiratory medication that has emerged as a powerful tool for neurolog...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Angelica gigas (Korean Angelica)
Korean angelica has served for centuries as a blood builder, and its activity traces to two couma...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are a potent class of plant pigments that give berries their deep blue and purple hu...
View profile arrow_forwardantioxidants and redox support
Antioxidants
Oxidative stress acts as a persistent rust inside the body, steadily wearing down tissues, but di...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Apigenin
Apigenin is the primary bioactive flavonoid in chamomile and one of the most studied natural inhi...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids
Arginine
Arginine is the amino acid the body uses to make nitric oxide, the signaling molecule that relaxe...
View profile arrow_forwardcarotenoid antioxidants
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is the red carotenoid pigment that colors salmon and flamingos, and one of the most p...
View profile arrow_forwardadaptogenic herbs
Astragalus Extract
The root of the astragalus plant contains rare compounds that directly protect chromosomes from t...
View profile arrow_forwardessential vitamins
B-Complex Vitamins
The eight B vitamins are essential cofactors in energy production, methylation, and neurotransmit...
View profile arrow_forwardadaptogenic herbs
Bacopa monnieri
Bacopa monnieri is an Ayurvedic herb used for more than 3,000 years to sharpen memory and reduce...
View profile arrow_forwardcardiovascular nutrients
Beetroot (Nitrates)
Beetroot is one of the richest natural sources of inorganic nitrate. A typical concentrated juice...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Berberine
Berberine activates AMPK, the same cellular energy sensor that exercise and metformin also trigge...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Bergamot
Bergamot, a citrus fruit grown mainly in southern Italy, contains a unique set of polyphenols tha...
View profile arrow_forwardmetabolites and cofactors
Betaine (TMG)
Betaine, also called trimethylglycine, helps the body defuse homocysteine, a byproduct of protein...
View profile arrow_forwardb vitamins
Biotin
Every cell relies on biotin, an easy-to-overlook vitamin also called B7, as a covalent cofactor f...
View profile arrow_forwardtrace minerals
Boron
Boron is a trace mineral abundant in fruits, nuts, and vegetables that quietly shapes how the bod...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Boswellia Serrata
Boswellia serrata, the resin better known as Indian frankincense, contains boswellic acids that b...
View profile arrow_forwardbioactive proteins and peptides
Bovine Colostrum
Bovine colostrum is the nutrient-dense first milk cows produce after calving, carrying immune and...
View profile arrow_forwardherbal botanicals
Butterbur
Butterbur is a herbal extract from the Petasites hybridus plant that interrupts allergic and infl...
View profile arrow_forwardmethylxanthine alkaloids
Caffeine
Caffeine is the world's most widely used psychoactive compound, working mainly by blocking adenos...
View profile arrow_forwardminerals
Calcium
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body, with about 99 percent stored in bone and...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Celastrol
Celastrol is a compound isolated from thunder god vine, a plant used in Chinese medicine for more...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanicals
Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola)
Centella asiatica, known as gotu kola, has anchored Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for more than...
View profile arrow_forwardessential nutrients
Choline
Choline is an essential nutrient the body needs to build brain-signaling molecules, cell membrane...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Chromium
Chromium is a trace mineral that helps insulin do its job, acting almost like an assistant at the...
View profile arrow_forwardspice derived bioactives
Cinnamon
Cinnamon is more than a kitchen spice. Its bioactive compounds, cinnamaldehyde and related procya...
View profile arrow_forwardBotanical Extract
Cnidium officinale (Chunkung)
Cnidium officinale, known as chuanxiong or chunkung in traditional East Asian medicine, is a root...
View profile arrow_forwardpolyphenols and flavonoids
Cocoa Flavanols
Cocoa flavanols such as epicatechin, found concentrated in dark chocolate and cacao extracts, act...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Coffee
Coffee, the most widely consumed source of caffeine and chlorogenic acid, appears to do more than...
View profile arrow_forwardstructural proteins and peptides
Collagen Peptides
Collagen peptides are small protein fragments, rich in glycine and hydroxyproline, that supply th...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Copper
Copper is a trace mineral that keeps mitochondria running and connective tissue intact, powering...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids and derivatives
Creatine
Creatine is one of the most thoroughly studied supplements available, topping up phosphocreatine...
View profile arrow_forwardsupplement
Curcumin
Curcumin, the pigment behind turmeric's golden color, is one of the most researched anti-inflamma...
View profile arrow_forwardflavonoids and polyphenols
Cyanidin
Cyanidin is the pigment that gives blueberries, cherries, and other deep red-purple foods their c...
View profile arrow_forwardtelomere biology and longevity
Cycloastragenol (TA-65)
Cycloastragenol, better known by its brand name TA-65, flips a switch that most adult cells keep...
View profile arrow_forwardminerals and electrolytes
Electrolytes
Electrolytes, the charged minerals sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and phosphate...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Epigallocatechin gallate, or EGCG, is the standout compound in green tea. It works less like a si...
View profile arrow_forwardlongevity and antioxidants
Ergothioneine
Ergothioneine, often called the longevity vitamin, is a rare antioxidant in mushrooms the body ca...
View profile arrow_forwardmetabolic substrates and ketones
Exogenous Ketones (BHB salts/esters)
Exogenous ketones, taken as beta-hydroxybutyrate salts or esters, let the body run on an alternat...
View profile arrow_forwardmacronutrients and prebiotics
Fiber
Fiber is one of the simplest levers for reshaping metabolic health, yet most diets fall well shor...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Fisetin
Fisetin is a plant pigment in strawberries that has become one of the most studied compounds for...
View profile arrow_forwardmarine polysaccharides
Fucoidan
Fucoidan is a marine compound derived from brown seaweed that acts as a powerful epigenetic regul...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids and neurotransmitters
GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and a cent...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Garlic
Garlic is a foundational botanical intervention whose bioactive organosulfur compounds, including...
View profile arrow_forwardessential vitamins
General Micronutrients
General micronutrients provide the essential vitamins and trace minerals required for foundationa...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Genistein
Soybeans produce a molecule shaped enough like estradiol to occupy the same receptors. Genistein...
View profile arrow_forwardheat shock protein inducers
Geranylgeranylacetone
Geranylgeranylacetone, sold in Japan for decades as the mild ulcer drug teprenone, was prescribed...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Ginger
Ginger is a powerful botanical intervention packed with bioactive gingerols and shogaols that pro...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Ginkgo Biloba
Ginkgo biloba comes from a tree that outlasted the dinosaurs, and its leaf extract has been used...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Ginsenoside Mc1
Deep in the roots of Panax ginseng sits a compound gut bacteria convert into ginsenoside Mc1, a s...
View profile arrow_forwardtargeted metabolic modulators
Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitors
Inside every cell, an enzyme called glucosylceramide synthase builds a fatty molecule that piles...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids
Glutamine
Glutamine makes up roughly 60 percent of the free amino acids stored in muscle. Yet during illnes...
View profile arrow_forwardantioxidants
Glutathione
Every cell keeps a stockpile of glutathione, a small molecule built from three amino acids that a...
View profile arrow_forwardantioxidants and redox support
GlyNAC (Glycine + N-Acetylcysteine)
Aging bodies lose the ability to make enough glutathione, the cell's master antioxidant, because...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanicals and herbs
Goldenseal (Avoid)
A woodland herb long prized in folk medicine for fighting infection, goldenseal owes its power to...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Grape Seed Extract (Procyanidin C1)
Grape seed extract concentrates procyanidin C1, a plant compound shown in aging research to selec...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanicals and herbs
Gynostemma (Jiaogulan)
Gynostemma pentaphyllum is an herb long called the immortality plant in parts of Asia. Its active...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanicals and herbs
Hibiscus Tea
Hibiscus tea gets its deep red color from anthocyanins that act much like a mild, natural blood p...
View profile arrow_forwardfunctional foods
High Phenolic Olive Oil
High phenolic olive oil owes much of its bite to oleocanthal, a compound that inhibits the same e...
View profile arrow_forwarddietary fiber and prebiotics
High-Fiber / SCFAs
Dietary fiber that resists digestion travels to the colon, where gut bacteria ferment it into sho...
View profile arrow_forwardmitochondrial antioxidants
Idebenone
Mitochondrial dysfunction drives cellular aging, but the antioxidant idebenone offers a precise m...
View profile arrow_forwardphytochemicals
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C)
The cellular defense provided by cruciferous vegetables is driven largely by indole-3-carbinol, a...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Iodine
The thyroid gland cannot make its hormones without a steady supply of iodine, roughly 150 microgr...
View profile arrow_forwardminerals and chelators
IP-6 (Phytic Acid)
Nearly every seed and grain stores its phosphorus as phytic acid, known in supplement form as IP-...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Iron
Every red blood cell relies on iron to carry oxygen bound inside hemoglobin, while muscle tissue...
View profile arrow_forwardphytonutrients
Isoflavones (Soy)
Soy isoflavones act as selective estrogen receptor modulators, binding mostly to the beta recepto...
View profile arrow_forwardmitochondrial support
L-Carnitine
The body makes its own L-carnitine from two amino acids, lysine and methionine, mostly in the liv...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids
L-Citrulline
The body converts L-citrulline into arginine, the raw material for nitric oxide, the molecule tha...
View profile arrow_forwardvitamins
L-methylfolate (5-MTHF)
Roughly 40 percent of people carry an MTHFR gene variant that blunts their ability to activate fo...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids
L-Tyrosine
Under acute stress, cold, or sleep loss, the brain burns through dopamine and norepinephrine fast...
View profile arrow_forwardproteins and peptides
Lactoferrin
The body starves invading bacteria and viruses by locking away free iron, and lactoferrin, a prot...
View profile arrow_forwardproteins and peptides
Lactotripeptides
Lactotripeptides are small peptides released when milk proteins ferment, and two of them work lik...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids
Leucine
A single amino acid can flip the switch that tells muscle to grow. Leucine does this by binding d...
View profile arrow_forwardminerals
Lithium
Trace amounts of lithium, far below psychiatric doses, appear to protect the aging brain. Lithium...
View profile arrow_forwardblends
Liver Support
The liver filters roughly 1.5 liters of blood every minute, and a handful of nutrients can measur...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Luteolin
A yellow pigment found in celery and chamomile quietly blocks an enzyme called CD38 as the body a...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Magnesium
Magnesium powers more than 300 enzymatic reactions in the body, from generating cellular energy t...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Manganese
The body needs only milligrams of manganese, yet it activates SOD2, an enzyme that neutralizes fr...
View profile arrow_forwardfunctional fats and ketones
MCT Oil
MCT oil is made mostly of caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) fatty acids that skip slow digestion and...
View profile arrow_forwardcircadian and sleep support
Melatonin
Produced by the pineal gland as daylight fades, melatonin binds MT1 and MT2 receptors in the brai...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanicals and adaptogens
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
Milk thistle owes its liver-protective reputation to silymarin, a flavonoid complex concentrated...
View profile arrow_forwardmitochondrial antioxidants
Mitochondrial Antioxidants (CoQ10/PQQ)
Coenzyme Q10 sits inside the mitochondrial electron transport chain, shuttling electrons that gen...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanicals
Mucuna pruriens
Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume whose seeds are one of nature's richest sources of L-DOPA, t...
View profile arrow_forwardessential vitamins
Multivitamins
A daily multivitamin supplies the vitamins and minerals the body needs for its most basic chemist...
View profile arrow_forwardvitamins and micronutrients
Myo-Inositol
Myo-inositol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol that feeds the PI3K signaling pathway downstr...
View profile arrow_forwardantioxidants and redox support
NAC (N-Acetylcysteine)
N-acetylcysteine, or NAC, is a stable form of cysteine that the body converts into glutathione, t...
View profile arrow_forwardnad and mitochondrial support
NAD+ Precursors (NMN/NR)
NAD+ is a coenzyme every cell needs to convert food into energy and repair damaged DNA, yet its l...
View profile arrow_forwardenzymes and peptides
Nattokinase
Fermented soybeans yield a clot-dissolving enzyme called nattokinase, prized in Japan for centuri...
View profile arrow_forwardessential vitamins
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
The body converts niacin, vitamin B3, into NAD+, the coenzyme every cell needs for energy product...
View profile arrow_forwardvitamins
Nicotinamide (NAM)
Nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3 also called niacinamide, replenishes NAD+ through the body's s...
View profile arrow_forwardnad boosters
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)
NMN, or nicotinamide mononucleotide, is a direct building block for NAD+, the molecule cells rely...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Nobiletin
Nobiletin, a hexamethoxyflavone found in citrus peels like those of oranges and tangerines, binds...
View profile arrow_forwardnad boosters
NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)
Nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, feeds directly into the body's primary pathway for m...
View profile arrow_forwardexperimental therapeutics
Nucleoside Precursors
Nucleoside precursors are deoxynucleoside compounds that bypass a broken step in the pathway mito...
View profile arrow_forwardsupplement
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids, primarily EPA and DHA from fish oil, become woven into every cell membrane,...
View profile arrow_forwardherbal extracts
Paeonia lactiflora (White Peony)
Paeonia lactiflora, or white peony root, has long been used in Chinese herbal medicine and yields...
View profile arrow_forwardlipid lowering
Pantethine
The body converts pantethine, a stable form of vitamin B5, into coenzyme A, the molecule every ce...
View profile arrow_forwardphospholipids
Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylcholine makes up close to 50 percent of the phospholipids in every human cell membran...
View profile arrow_forwardsenolytics and autophagy
Piperlongumine
Piperlongumine, an alkaloid from long pepper, works as a senolytic by pushing senescent and cance...
View profile arrow_forwardlipid lowering
Plant Sterols
Plant sterols are cholesterol lookalikes found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds that compete wi...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Potassium
Potassium powers the electrical charge that runs every nerve signal and heartbeat, maintained by...
View profile arrow_forwardmitochondrial support
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)
Pyrroloquinoline quinone, or PQQ, is found in fermented foods and human breast milk, and it signa...
View profile arrow_forwardgut microbiome
Probiotics
Probiotics are living microorganisms, most often Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains alongs...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanical extracts
Pumpkin Seed Oil
Pumpkin seed oil is rich in plant sterols, particularly beta-sitosterol and delta-7-sterol, that...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Pycnogenol
Along the Atlantic coast of southwest France grows a maritime pine whose bark yields pycnogenol,...
View profile arrow_forwardsupplement
Quercetin
Onions, apples, and capers owe their color to quercetin, a plant flavonoid among the few natural...
View profile arrow_forwardlipid lowering
Red Yeast Rice
Red yeast rice is fermented Monascus purpureus rice that packs a naturally occurring statin calle...
View profile arrow_forwardprebiotics and fiber
Resistant Starch
Resistant starch passes undigested into the colon, where gut bacteria ferment it into short-chain...
View profile arrow_forwardsupplement
Resveratrol
Red wine, grape skins, and Japanese knotweed owe their reputation for longevity to resveratrol, a...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Rhein
Rhubarb and senna have long supplied rhein, a laxative anthraquinone used in traditional medicine...
View profile arrow_forwardessential vitamins
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, becomes FAD and FMN, two molecular shuttles that keep mitoc...
View profile arrow_forwardamino acids and derivatives
SAMe (S-Adenosylmethionine)
Every cell manufactures SAMe, or S-adenosylmethionine, from methionine and ATP to serve as the bo...
View profile arrow_forwardnatural polyphenols and botanicals
Saw Palmetto
Serrated palm berries have long supplied a folk remedy for prostate trouble, and modern saw palme...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Selenium
The thyroid gland packs more selenium per gram than any other organ, using the mineral to build g...
View profile arrow_forwardprebiotics and fiber
Short-Chain Fatty Acids (Butyrate)
Gut bacteria ferment dietary fiber into three short-chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and b...
View profile arrow_forwardtrace minerals
Silica
Silica is the mineral that gives horsetail and bamboo their stiffness, and inside the human body...
View profile arrow_forwardlongevity and autophagy
Spermidine
Spermidine is a polyamine present in every cell that declines with age and triggers autophagy, th...
View profile arrow_forwardbotanical extracts
St. John's Wort
St John's Wort is a flowering herb long used to ease mild to moderate depression, rivaling some p...
View profile arrow_forwardphytonutrients and plant extracts
Sulforaphane
Sulforaphane is a sulfur compound released when broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables are che...
View profile arrow_forwardnucleotide precursors
Thymidine (Rescue)
Thymidine is one of DNA's four nucleoside building blocks, and outside two rare genetic condition...
View profile arrow_forwardfat soluble vitamins
Tocotrienols
Tocotrienols are the less common branch of the vitamin E family, found concentrated in palm oil,...
View profile arrow_forwardsugars and osmolytes
Trehalose
Trehalose is a simple sugar made of two glucose units, produced naturally by yeast, insects, and...
View profile arrow_forwardbile acids and hepatoprotectants
TUDCA
When liver cells or motor neurons come under stress, TUDCA, short for tauroursodeoxycholic acid,...
View profile arrow_forwardsupplement
Ubiquinol/CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10)
Cells burn most of their fuel inside mitochondria, and coenzyme Q10 sits at the center of that pr...
View profile arrow_forwardmitochondrial and cellular
Urolithin A
Aging muscle accumulates worn-out mitochondria faster than the body can clear them. Urolithin A i...
View profile arrow_forwardfat soluble vitamins
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Vitamin A directs how genes are read out in nearly every tissue. It converts into retinoic acid,...
View profile arrow_forwardessential vitamins
Vitamin B12 / Folate
Vitamin B12 and folate feed the same one-carbon cycle, the biochemical machinery that builds DNA,...
View profile arrow_forwardvitamins and minerals
Vitamin B6 (P5P)
Serotonin, dopamine, and GABA all depend on the same helper molecule to get built from their amin...
View profile arrow_forwardvitamins and essential nutrients
Vitamin C
Humans lost the enzyme to make vitamin C somewhere in primate evolution, so every gram now has to...
View profile arrow_forwardsupplement
Vitamin D3
Sunlight striking skin converts a cholesterol precursor into vitamin D3, which the liver and kidn...
View profile arrow_forwardfat soluble vitamins
Vitamin E
Cell membranes are packed with fragile polyunsaturated fats, and vitamin E is the molecule statio...
View profile arrow_forwardvitamins and minerals
Vitamin K
Vitamin K activates a small set of proteins by tagging them with an extra carboxyl group, letting...
View profile arrow_forwardproteins and amino acids
Whey Protein
Whey protein is a fast-digesting milk protein that contains all nine essential amino acids. It al...
View profile arrow_forwardessential minerals
Zinc
Zinc is the quiet workhorse of human biochemistry, required by more than 300 enzymes to work at a...
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