Genetics Fundamentals

The foundational concepts that the rest of the site builds on: how DNA encodes information, how variants arise and are inherited, how genetic risk is estimated, and how genetic information enters clinical and longevity decisions. Educational content, never medical advice.

core biology

Chromosomes & Genome Organization

The human genome is not a loose tangle of DNA but a precisely packaged, folded structure. Nearly...

Read topic arrow_forward

core biology

DNA, RNA & Proteins: The Central Dogma

Every living cell runs on a one-directional flow of information. The sequence stored in DNA is co...

Read topic arrow_forward

variation

Genetic Variants: SNPs, Indels, CNVs & Structural Variation

Every person carries a genome that differs from the reference at roughly four to five million sit...

Read topic arrow_forward

inheritance

Genotype vs. Phenotype

A person's genotype is the exact set of gene variants they carry; their phenotype is what actuall...

Read topic arrow_forward

inheritance

Inheritance Patterns

Inheritance is the set of rules that decide which versions of a gene a child receives from each p...

Read topic arrow_forward

core biology

Introduction to Genetics

Genetics is the study of how living things store, copy, and pass on the instructions for building...

Read topic arrow_forward

inheritance

Penetrance, Expressivity & Pleiotropy

Two people can inherit the same disease mutation and live different lives: one develops the illne...

Read topic arrow_forward

variation

Polygenic Risk Scores

A polygenic risk score takes the thousands of tiny genetic nudges scattered across a person's gen...

Read topic arrow_forward